Field: Evolutionary Dynamics 
Value: up to $200,000USD per annum for 2 yearsDetails: http://www.templeton.org/node/1521
Deadline: 31 Jan 2012

The deadline is rather soon, but the initial application requirements are not that taxing, so someone might be interested in putting an application in. The reason I list it here is due to two of the suggested research questions which have relevance to current work in evolutionary linguistics:

• Can we build precise models for the evolution of cells, multi-cellular organisms, animal societies and human language? 
  
• What are the differences between genetic and cultural evolution, and how can these differences be formalized?